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Crusades
Wars undertaken
by Christians in the late Middle Ages to
secure the right of Christian pilgrims to visit the Holy Sepulchre and to recover the Holy
Land from its Muslim conquerors.
The name is derived from
the cross that the Crusaders wore on their dress. Idea of chivalry as well as hopes of
material gain were prominent. Acording to Matthew Paris, each nation had its special
color, which was red for France, white for England, green for Flanders, blue or azure for
Italy, and gules (red) for Spain. Scotland had a St. Andrew's cross, and the Knights Templar, red on white.
"God wills it!"
That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the
Holy Land from the Turks. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusades and two
children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were
successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights,
soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle.
Further
info:
Catholic
Encyclopedia on the Crusades.
Crusades.
Medieval
Sourcebook: The Crusades.
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