Swiss psychiatrist, who founded the analytical school of psychology. Jung broadened Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical approach, interpreting mental and emotional disturbances as an attempt to find personal and spiritual wholeness.

Born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland, the son of a Protestant clergyman, Jung developed during his lonely childhood an inclination for dreaming and fantasy that greatly influenced his adult work. After graduating in medicine in 1902 from the universities of Basel and Zürich, with a wide background in biology, zoology, paleontology, and archaeology, he began his work on word association, in which a patient's responses to stimulus words revealed what Jung called “complexes” — a term that has since become universal. These studies brought him international renown and led him to a close collaboration with Freud. With the publication of Psychology of the Unconscious (1912; trans. 1916), however, Jung declared his independence from Freud's narrowly sexual interpretation of the libido by showing the close parallels between ancient myths and psychotic fantasies and by explaining human motivation in terms of a larger creative energy. He gave up the presidency of the International Psychoanalytic Society and cofounded a movement called analytical psychology.

During his remaining 50 years Jung developed his theories, drawing on a wide knowledge of mythology and history; travels to diverse cultures in New Mexico, India, and Kenya; and especially the dreams and fantasies of his childhood. In 1921 he published a major work, Psychological Types (trans. 1923), in which he dealt with the relationship between the conscious and unconscious and proposed the now well-known personality types, extrovert and introvert. He later made a distinction between the personal unconscious, or the repressed feelings and thoughts developed during an individual's life, and the collective unconscious, or those inherited feelings, thoughts, and memories shared by all humanity. The collective unconscious, according to Jung, is made up of what he called “archetypes,” or primordial images. These correspond to such experiences as confronting death or choosing a mate and manifest themselves symbolically in religions, myths, fairy tales, and fantasies.

Jung's therapeutic approach aimed at reconciling the diverse states of personality, which he saw divided not only into the opposites of introvert and extrovert, but also into those of sensing and intuiting, and of feeling and thinking. By understanding how the personal unconscious integrates with the collective unconscious, Jung theorized, a patient can achieve a state of individuation, or wholeness of self.

Jung wrote voluminously, especially on analytical methods and the relationships between psychotherapy and religious belief. He died on June 6, 1961, in Küsnacht.

Related audio cassettes:
Man and His Symbols : Approaching the Unconscious.
Memories, Dreams, Reflections.

Related books:
Aion: Researches into the Phenomonology of the Self.
Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of Self (Part 2).
Alchemical Studies.
A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein.
Analytical Psychology-Its Theory and Practice: The Tavistock Lectures, 1935.
Answer to Job.
Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious.
Aspects of the Feminine.
A Strategy for a Loss of Faith: Jung's Proposal (Studies in Jungian Psychology by Jungian Analysts, No 56).
C.G. Jung: His Friendships With Mary Mellon and J. Bl Priestley.
C.G. Jung: Letters 1906-1950.
C.G. Jung: Letters, 1951-1961.
C.G. Jung: Psychological Reflections; A New Anthology of His Writings, 1905-1961.
C.G. Jung: Word and Image.
C.G. Jung and Literary Theory: The Challenge from Fiction.
C.G. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture.
C.G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters.
Carl Gustav Jung.
Complex/Archetype/Symbol in the Psychology of C. G. Jung.
Creative Aging: Discovering the Unexpected Joys of Later Life Through Personality Type.
Cult Fictions: C.G. Jung and the Founding of Analytical Psychology.
Development of Personality.
Discovering Your Self Through the Tarot: A Jungian Guide to Archetypes & Personality.
Dream Analysis: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1928-1930 by C.G. Jung.
Dream Theatres of the Soul: Empowering the Feminine Through Jungian Dream Work.
Dreams.
Encountering Jung on Mythology (Encountering Jung).
Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies.
Four Archetypes (Collected Works of C.G. Jung).
Food and Transformation: Imagery and Symbolism of Eating (Studies in Jungian Psychology by Jungian Analysts, No 74).
Freud and Psychoanalysis.
Freud or Jung.
From Image to Likeness: A Jungian Path in the Gospel Journey.
General Bibliography of C.G. Jung's Writings.
Hypnosis: A Jungian Perspective (Guilford Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Series).
In God's Shadow: The Collaboration of Victor White and C.G. Jung (Jung and Spirituality).
In Midlife: A Jungian Perspective.
Inscapes of the Child's World: Jungian Counseling in Schools and Clinics.
Insearch: Psychology and Religion (The Jungian Classics Series ; 2).
Introducing Jung (Introducing).
Introduction to Zen Buddhism.
Jesus' Parables: Finding Our God Within (Jung and Spirituality).
Jung.
Jung and Christianity in Dialogue: Faith, Feminism, and Hermeneutics.
Jung and Eastern Thought.
Jung and Reich: The Body As Shadow.
Jung and Shamanism in Dialogue: Retrieving the Soul/Retrieving the Sacred (Jung and Spirituality).
Jung and Tarot: An Archetypal Journey.
Jung and the Interpretation of the Bible.
Jung and the Lost Gospels: Insights into the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Nag Hammadi Library.
Jung and the Monotheisms: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Jung and the Post-Jungians.
Jung for Beginners (Writers and Readers Documentary Comic Book).
Jung in Contexts: A Reader.
Jung Lexicon: A Primer of Terms and Concepts (Studies in Jungian Psychology by Jungian Analysts, No 47).
Jung to Live by.
Jung's Function-Attitudes Explained.
Jung's Map of the Soul: An Introduction.
Jungian Analysis (The Reality of the Psyche Series).
Jungian Literary Criticism.
Jungian Symbolism in Astrology.
Jungian Synchronicity in the Astrological Signs and Ages.
Jung's Self Psychology: A Constructivist Perspective.
Jung's Struggle With Freud.
Man and His Symbols.
Meetings With Jung: Conversations Recorded During the Years, 1946-1961.
Memories, Dreams, Reflections.
Mirrors of Transformation: The Self in Relationships : Essays (The Paja Papers).
Modern Man in Search of a Soul.
Modern Woman in Search of Soul: A Jungian Guide to the Visible and Invisible Worlds.
Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy.
On Divination and Synchronicity: The Psychology of Meaningful Chance. Originally Presented As Lectures at the C.G. Jung Institute, Zurich.
On Jung.
Portable Jung.
Practical Jung: Nuts and Bolts of Jungian Psychotherapy.
Practicing Wholeness: Analytical Psychology and Jungian Thought.
Primer of Jungian Psychology.
Psyche and Symbol: A Selection from the Writings of C.G.Jung.
Psychogenesis of Mental Disease: The Collected Works of C. G. Jung.
Psychological Types.
Psychology and Alchemy (Collected Works of Carl C Jung, Vol 12).
Psychology and Religion (Terry Lectures, 1937).
Psychology and the East.
Psychology and the Occult.
Psychology and Western Religion.
Psychology of C.G. Jung: An Introduction With Illustrations.
Psychopathology: Contemporary Jungian Perspectives.
Scapegoat Complex: Toward a Mythology of Shadow and Guilt (Studies in Jugian Psychology by Jungian Analysts).
Self and Liberation: The Jung-Buddhism Dialogue (Jung and Spirituality Series).
Spiritual Pilgrims: Carl Jung and Teresa of Avila.
Symbols of Transformation.
Synchronicity.
Synchronicity; An Acausal Connecting Principle.
Tabooed Jung: Marginality As Power.
Tarot As a Way of Life: A Jungian Approach to the Tarot.
The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C.G. Jung's Aion.
The Basic Writings of C.G. Jung (Bollingen Series).
The Basic Writings of C. G. Jung (The Modern Library).
The Cambridge Companion to Jung.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 1: Psychiatric Studies.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 4: Freud and Psychoanalysis.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 5: Symbols of Transformation.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 7: Two Essays on Analytical Psychology.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 9: The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 12: Psychology and Alchemy.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 13: Alchemical Studies.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 14: Mysterium Coniunctionis.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 15: The Spirit in Man, Art and Literature.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 16: The Practice of Psychotherapy.
The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, No. 18: The Symbolic Life.
The Dynamics of Symbols: Fundamentals of Jungian Psychotherapy.
The Essential Jung.
The Father Contemporary Jungian Perspectives.
The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence Between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung.
The Gnostic Jung and the Seven Sermons to the Dead.
The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic Movement.
The Myth of Meaning in the Work of C.G. Jung.
The Not-Yet-Transformed God: Depth Psychology and the Individual Religious Experience (Jung on the Hudson Book Series).
The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1932 by C.G. Jung (Bollingen Series, No 99).
The Psychology of the Transference.
The Psychology of the Unconscious: A Study of the Transformations and Symbolisms of the Libido.
The Survival Papers: Anatomy of a Midlife Crisis (Studies in Jungian Psychology by Jungian Analysts, No 35).
The Undiscovered Self.
The Undiscovered Self: With Symbols and the Interpretation of Dreams (Bollingen Series ; 20).
The Unfolding God of Jung and Milton (Studies in the English Renaissance).
Two Essays on Analytical Psychology.
Visions: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1930-1934 by C.G. Jung.
The Web of the Universe: Jung, the 'New Physics,' and Human Spirituality (Jung and Spirituality Series).
What Is Wrong With Jung.
The Wounded Jung: Effects of Jung's Relationships on His Life and Work (Psychosocial Issues).
Young Carl Jung.
The Zofingia Lectures: The Collected Works of C.G. Jung.

Further info:
Carl Gustav Jung: The Jung Index.
JungWeb.