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Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna (1831-91)
One of the most influential occult
thinkers of the nineteenth century and cofounder of the Theosophical Society,
Blavatsky was a Russian-born (July 31, 1831, German parents in
Yekaterinoslav) American
woman who left behind conflicting images of adventuress, author,
mystic, guru, occultist, and charlatan.
Originally named Helena Hahn, she was an
enigmatic personality, brought up in an atmosphere saturated with superstition
and fantasy. She was married briefly in her teens to a Russian
general, but left him and traveled widely in the East, including
Tibet, in
search of mysteries.
Returning to Russia after ten years of wanderings, Blavatsky supposedly exhibited
various psychic
powers. Allegedly, raps, whisperings, and other mysterious sounds were heard
all over the house, objects moved about in obedience to her will, their weight
decreased and increased as she wished, and winds swept through the apartment,
extinguishing lamps and candles. She gave exhibitions of clairvoyance,
discovered a murderer for the police, and narrowly escaped being charged as an
accomplice.
Blavatsky traveled to Paris in 1858 and was
introduced to the internationally famous medium Daniel Dunglas Home (1833–1886)
and was so impressed by his paranormal abilities that she became a Spiritualist.
When Blavatsky, in turn, sought to impress him with her own mediumistic talents,
Home ignored her and informed her that she was a cheat.
In 1860 Blavatsky became severely ill. A wound below
the heart, which she received from a sword cut in magical practice in the East,
opened again, causing her intense agony, convulsions, and trance. After her
recovery, friends and acquaintances claimed that her spontaneous physical
phenomena had disappeared, but she insisted that, after the illness, they only
occurred in obedience to her will.
Blavatsky again went abroad, and, disguised as a
man, she fought under
Garibaldi and was left for dead in the battle of Mentana.
She fought back to life, had a miraculous escape at sea on a Greek vessel that
was blown up, and, in 1871 in Cairo, she founded the short lived Societé Spirite. She
then went to America in
1873, and in 1875, with Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, founded the Theosophical Society in
New York. It professed to expound the esoteric tradition of
Buddhism and aimed at forming a universal brotherhood
of man; studying and making known the ancient religions, philosophies, and
sciences; investigating the laws of nature; and developing the divine powers
latent in man. It was claimed to be directed by secret
Mahatmas, or Masters of
Wisdom.
Throughout her career Blavatsky claimed to perform feats of medium-ship, levitation, telepathy and clairvoyance. Her psychic powers were widely acclaimed
and attracted many converts to Theosophy,
including Annie Besant, who's home became the
headquarters of the Theosophical Society in London. In 1885 the Society for Psychical
Research published a damning report (The Hodgson Report) alleging fraud and trickery by Blavatsky and her
associates.
The Hodgson Report left a deep shadow over
Blavatsky’s final years. Annie Besant’s
conversion to Theosophy resulted after she had been requested by W. T. Stead to
review The Secret Doctrine in 1889. Blavatsky suggested that she read the
Hodgson Report before forming any firm conclusions, but Besant was not adversely
affected and requested to be Blavatsky’s pupil. Thereafter Besant provided a
secure refuge for the aging Theosophist at her own home in London. In her last
years here, Blavatsky became the center of a memorable group of talented
individuals. She died peacefully May 5, 1891.
Blavatsky’s detractors considered her to have been a
hoaxster, a fraud, and a deceiver, while her followers revered her as a genius,
a veritable saint, and a woman of monumental courage who had struggled against
an incredible array of adversities and adversaries to fashion a modern mystery
school without equal. Foe and follower alike conceded that she was a unique,
sometimes overpowering, personality who had apparently traveled the world in
search of spiritual truths and who had survived physical crises and challenges
that would certainly have discouraged — or killed — a less indomitable
individual.
Blavatsky writings include
Isis Unveiled
(1877) and
The
Secret Doctrine (1888). She had no problem with
Christianity, but she preferred focusing on its esoteric traditions, which
united it with all other religions. She popularized the study of reincarnation
and past lives in Europe and the United States and introduced many occult and
metaphysical concepts which flourished in the New Age Movement of the 1970s.
See Annie Besant,
Theosophy,
The Chakra Store,
Casting Black Magic Spells,
Commanding Spirits,
The Tarot Store and
Divination & Scrying Tools and
Supplies.
Sources: (1)
Shepard, Leslie (editor),
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology,
Thomson Gale; (2)
Dictionary of the
Occult, Caxton
Publishing; (3) Steiger, Brad and Sherry Hansen,
The Gale Encyclopedia of
the Unusual and Unexplained,
Thomson Gale.
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