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Reich, Wilhelm (1897-1957)
One of the very few
modern men to claim to have created life was the Austrian-born Wilhelm Reich, a
conventionally trained scientist who studied medicine at Vienna University. His main theme
was that sexual energy was of vital importance not only to the creation of life but to its
complete fulfillment and that sexuality was "the center around which revolves the
whole of social life as well as the inner life of the individual."
Reich eventually concluded that almost
all sickness — including psychological ailments such as schizophrenia and depression
— was the result of failing to achieve "true orgasm": complete sexual
satisfaction. He was an important member of Freud's Psychoanalytic Society in Vienna, but
later broke with Freud. In 1939, forced to leave Austria because of Nazi activity, he
settled in New York. In 1935 he had announced that he had succeeded in producing what he
called ‘bions’ from certain substances (such as coal), and that these were
capable of developing into protozoa (single-cell organisms). Biologists rejected this, but
Reich worked on, and in 1939 announced that the radiation given out by ‘bions’
produced: from sterilized sea sand was a hitherto unknown form of energy, which he called
orgone, and described as "the basic life-stuff of the universe." In 1942 he
founded the Orgone Institute, a center for development of his theory that the lack of
repeated discharge of this energy through "true orgasm" led to both individual
and social neuroses.
Reich claimed that orgone could be
measured, collected in an "orgone box",
and used for the treatment of serious diseases, including cancer. However, the United
States Food and Drug Administration declared it a fraud and in 1956 he was sentenced to
two years imprisonment for contempt of court and violation of the Food and Drug Act: he
died in prison a year later.
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