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Banshee
Alternatively
Banshi, Benshee and Bean-nighe.
An Irish supernatural being of the wraith type which, according to legend, attaches
itself to certain ancient families, and is regularly seen or heard before
the death of one of its members.
The word Banshee is supposed to be
derived from the Old Irish ben sidhe, a woman of the fairy
folk, or 'woman of the fairy mound', but it is translated by different
scholars in a variety of ways, including Female Fairy, Angel of Death,
Lady of Death, Woman of Peace, White Lady of Sorrow, Nymph of the Air, and
Spirit of the Air, amongst others.
The Banshee is not limited to Ireland, since she
is also the subject of folktales in the highlands of Scotland, where she is
known as Bean-nighe, or ‘'little-washer-by-the-ford'. She is said to
be seen by the side of a river, washing the blood from the clothes of those
who will die. The name is sometimes also used to denote a sort of demon,
but in Nordic folklore the Banshee is always benevolent.
Allegedly one of the household spirits of certain Scottish
Highland or Irish families, the Banshee is a female creature said to
wail — yielding a sound thought to resemble the melancholy moaning of the
wind — at or before the death of a family member.
Oftentimes she is not seen but only heard, yet she is supposed to be always
clearly discernible to the person upon whom she specially waits.
T. F. Thistleton Dyer in his book The Ghost
World (1898) wrote about the Banshe:
‘‘Unlike, also, many of the legendary
beliefs of this kind, the popular accounts illustrative of it are
related on the evidence of all sections of the community, many an
enlightened and well-informed advocate being enthusiastic in his
vindication of its reality. It would seem, however, that no family which
is not of an ancient and noble stock is honored with this visit of
the Banshee and hence its nonappearance has been regarded as an
indication of disqualification in this respect on the part of the person
about to die.
‘If I am rightly informed,’ writes Sir
Walter Scott, ‘the distinction of a Banshee is only allowed to families
of the pure Milesian stock, and is never ascribed to any descendant of
the proudest Norman or the boldest Saxon who followed the banner of
Strongbow, much less to adventurers of later dates who have obtained
settlements in the Green Isle.’
Thus, an amusing story is contained in an
Irish elegy to the effect that on the death of one of the Knights of
Kerry, when the Banshee was heard to lament his decease at Dingle
— a seaport town, the property of those knights — all the merchants of
this place were thrown into a state of alarm lest the mournful and
ominous wailing should be a forewarning of the death of one of
them, but, as the poet humorously points out, there was no necessity for
them to be anxious on this point. Although, through misfortune, a family
may be brought down from high estate to the rank of peasant tenants, the
Banshee never leaves nor forgets it till the last member has been
gathered to his fathers in the churchyard. The MacCarthys, O’Flahertys,
Magraths, O’Rileys, O’Sullivans, O’Reardons, have their Banshees, though
many representatives of these names are in abject poverty.’’
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